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Phase-field modelling is maturing to become a universal tool for modelling microstructure evolution in materials science. In solidification applications it has been proven to give quantitative predictions. In solid state, however, the mechanisms of phase transformation and microstructure evolution in are much more involved due to the existence of mechanical interactions, high interface anisotropies, large densities of defects, and retarded kinetics of diffusion and growth. The paper gives an overview of actual developments in phase-field modelling of solid-state microstructure evolution and highlights necessary directions of future development in order to meet the challenge of quantitative predictions.