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The atomic interaction potential between different alloy components is encoded in the diffuse scattering caused by configurational short-range order and lattice distortions in the disordered phase. We performed in situ measurements of the x-ray diffuse scattering on macroscopic Ni₅₅Pd₄₅ and Ni₂₅ Pd₇₅ single crystals in the temperature range from 20 degrees C up to 920 degrees C. We describe in detail the experiments and the data analysis where we use a formalism based on the spherical model and the Kanzaki-force concept in combination with a simulated annealing algorithm. We demonstrate that one single measurement is sufficient to retrieve the effective pair interaction potentials as well as thermal and elastic properties of the system. With only seven independent and physically motivated parameters we are able to describe short-range-order correlations, lattice distortions, and thermal parameters in a large temperature and concentration range